Working papers

Here you can search our series of working papers, dating back to 1983. These papers use data from our four cohort studies and cover a wide range of topics, from social inequalities and mobility, to physical health, education and cognitive development. Other papers in the series seek to improve the practice of longitudinal research. At the present time, we are only able to accept papers if at least one author is a member of the CLS research team. Some of the working papers below will subsequently have been published in peer-reviewed journals.

For more information about our working papers series, please email us at clsworkingpapers@ucl.ac.uk.

  • Growing Up in the 2020s study
  • National Child Development Study
  • 1970 British Cohort Study
  • Next Steps
  • Millennium Cohort Study
  • COVID Social Mobility & Opportunities study
  • Children of the 2020s study
  • Early Life Cohort Feasibility Study
  • Ageing
  • Cognition
  • Families
  • Labour markets and skills
  • Mental health
  • Methods
  • Physical health
  • Poverty inequality and social mobility

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Education

Cross-national research using contemporary birth cohort studies – a look at early maternal employment in the United Kingdom and the United States- CLS working paper 2008/13

Author: Danielle Crosby and Denise Hawkes

Danielle Crosby and Denise Hawkes look at factors associated with the timing of mothers’ post-birth employment in the UK and US, using models conditioned on prior employment and partner status.

The UK Millennium Cohort Study and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth are the two datasets used.

Keywords:  Millennium Cohort Study, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, education, employment, unemployment, fertility.

Date published: 30 November 2008

Education

Educational attainment, labour market conditions and unobserved heterogeneity – the timing of first and higher-order births in Britain- CLS working paper 2008/12

Author: Andrew Jenkins, Heather Joshi and Mark Killingsworth

Andrew Jenkins, Heather Joshi and Mark Killingsworth analyse the effects of women’s education and aggregate unemployment rates on fertility in Britain, using two cohorts who had different experiences of education: the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (NCDS & BCS70).

Keywords:  British Cohort Study 1970, NCDS, education, employment, unemployment, fertility.

Date published: 29 November 2008

Applied statistical methods

Ethnic minorities and non-response in the Millennium Cohort Study- CLS working paper 2008/11

Author: Shirley Dex and Rachel Rosenberg

Shirley Dex and Rachel Rosenberg look at predictors of mother’s responses and male partners’ responses in the first two sweeps of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), using logistic regression models and a multinomial combined response model.

Keywords:  Millennium Cohort Study, missingness, non-response, ethnicity.

Date published: 28 November 2008

Applied statistical methods

Missing Income data in the Millennium Cohort Study – evidence from the first two sweeps- CLS working paper 2008/10

Author: Denise Hawkes & Ian Plewis

Denise Hawkes & Ian Plewis look at income non-response in the first two sweeps of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), modelling attrition at MCS2 with household income and income response at MCS1 as predictors.

Key words:  Millennium Cohort Study, missingness, non-response, income.

Date published: 27 November 2008

Child development

Economic Deprivation, Maternal Depression, Parenting and Children’s Cognitive and Emotional Development in Early Childhood- CLS working paper 2008/9

Author: Kathleen Kiernan and Carmen Huerta

This CLS working paper uses data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to examine the extent to which economic circumstances in infancy and mother’s mental well-being are associated with children’s cognitive development and behaviour problems at age 3 years, and what part parenting behaviours and attitudes play in mediating these factors.

Key words: Poverty; maternal depression; parenting; cognitive development; behaviour problems; Structural Equation Modelling

Date published: 1 October 2008

Child development

Does Mothers’ Employment Conflict with Child Development? Multilevel Analysis of British Mothers born in 1958- CLS working paper 2008/8

Author: Georgia Verropoulou and Heather Joshi

This CLS working paper explores the link between the cognitive and behavioural scores of school-aged children to mothers’ employment during pre-school years. The research uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study.

Key words: child development, maternal employment, intergenerational transmission

Date published: 3 August 2008

Family and social networks

Family poverty assessed at three years old- CLS working paper 2008/7

Author: Jonathan Bradshaw and John Holmes

This CLS working paper aims to estimate the prevalence of family poverty and the characteristics of poor families in the Age 3 Sweep (MCS2) of the Millennium Cohort Study. It also aims to explore the overlaps of the different measures of poverty and estimate the odds of a family being ‘reliably’ poor. Lastly, it focuses on how this poverty is associated with some outcomes in the MCS2 and explores how family poverty changed between Age 9 months Sweep (MCS1) and MCS2.

Date published: 2 August 2008

Health behaviour

Antecedents of hazardous teenage drinking: analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study- CLS working paper 2008/6

Author: Dr Andrew Percy and Prof Dorota Iwaniec

This CLS working paper uses data from the 1970 British Cohort Study to explore antecendents of hazardous teenage drinking.

Date published: 1 August 2008

Survey methods

Optimal modelling of hearing impairment in middle age in relation to hearing in childhood as measured by audiograms- CLS working paper 2008/5

Author: Russell Ecob

This CLS working paper explores the optimal modelling of hearing
impairment in middle age in relation to hearing in childhood as measured by audiograms. It uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study.

Date published: 1 June 2008

Housing and local environment

A Profile of Population Change in Rural England- CLS working paper 2008/4

Author: Heather Joshi, Brian Dodgeon, Gareth Hughes

This CLS working paper investigates some differences in the sociodemographic profile of Rural and Urban England taking evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study, and the ONS Longitudinal Study spanning 4 censuses since 1971.

Date published: 15 May 2008

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