Long-term outcomes for care-experienced parents and children: Evidence of risk and resilience from two British cohort studies

Background

This project aims to examine the experiences of care leavers who became parents (of cohort members) and the intergenerational impact on their children’s outcomes, from childhood into early adulthood. The research uses information from the 1970 British Cohort Study and the Millennium Cohort Study.

Research details

Project title

Long-term outcomes for care-experienced parents and children: Evidence of risk and resilience from two British cohort studies

Project lead

Dr Sam Parsons

Team

Professor Ingrid Schoon and Professor Emla Fitzsimons

Themes

Child development; Childhood adversity; Education; Employment, income and wealth; Expectations, attitudes and beliefs; Family networks; Health behaviour; Housing and local environment; Mental health and wellbeing; Physical health; Poverty; Social mobility

Dates

March 2021 – September 2023

Funder

Nuffield Foundation – visit the project page on the Nuffield Foundation website.

Summary

This study will examine the experiences of care leavers who became parents and the intergenerational impact on their children’s outcomes. The care leavers in this study are parents of cohort members.

Using information from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), the aims of the study are to examine:

  • the socioeconomic resources available to care-experienced parents;
  • outcomes of their children from the very early years to post-16 transitions and into early adulthood (BCS70 only); and,
  • potential protective factors and processes supporting effective functioning among care-experienced parents and their children.

The project team will examine the adjustment of these children across a range of domains, including cognitive and behavioural development, experiences at school and physical and emotional wellbeing. We will evidence a wide range of socioeconomic and wellbeing markers for care-experienced parents, including their access to health care.

Prior research has revealed a link between care-experience and poorer outcomes later in life. The 2013 Care Leaver Strategy, published by the UK Government, identified key areas where care leavers needed more robust support: education, employment, finance, health, housing, justice system and on-going support.

The research will identify opportunities to support care-experienced parents and inform policies to support future care leavers to become independent, and to improve their life chances and those of their children.

Project poster

This poster serves as an introduction to this care leavers project and also shows how care leavers and their children experienced the COVID-19 pandemic.

Outputs

 
News

Children of care leavers risk inheriting parents’ emotional scars

7 February 2024

The trauma associated with care experience casts a long shadow on mothers’ mental health and that of their children, finds new UCL research released today (7 February 2024).

INFOGRAPHIC

Who cares about care leavers?

7 February 2024 This project aims to examine the experiences of care leavers who became parents (of cohort members) and the intergenerational impact on their children’s outcomes.
Briefings & Impact

Care leavers and their children: Evidence on how care experience affects the next generation - policy briefing

This policy briefing examines findings from the first UK study to look at care leavers as mothers, following their development and that of their children from early childhood to adolescence and into adulthood, using two British cohort studies. It shows how the long-term effects of care experience can be eased.

Download
 
research summary

Long-term outcomes for care leavers who became parents and experiences of their children - Evidence on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage in two British cohort studies

7 February 2024

This research summary highlights key findings from the full research report listed in the scientific publications below.

Publication

Mental health of at-risk teenagers - Evidence from children of care leavers and those from socially disadvantaged families in the Millennium Cohort Study

Drawing on a two-year research project funded by the Nuffield
Foundation, this briefing paper focuses on the experiences of mothers with care experience and the mental wellbeing of their teenage children.

Download
Publication

Resources available to mothers who experienced out-of-home care in childhood: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Download

Scientific publications

Parsons, S, Fitzsimons, E, Schoon, I (2024)
Long-term outcomes for care leavers who became parents and experiences of their children - Evidence on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage in two British cohort studies
CLS research report
Read the full paper
Parsons, S, Fitzsimons, E, Schoon, I (2024)
Long-term outcomes for care leavers who became parents and experiences of their children - Evidence on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage in two British cohort studies
CLS research report appendix
Read the full paper
Parsons, S, Fitzsimons, E, Schoon, I (2023)
Intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage: Education progression of children of care leavers compared to a general population sample
BERA Journal
Read the full paper
Fitzsimons, E, Parsons, S, Schoon, I (2023)
The relationship between maternal care experience and early child development: Evidence from the UK
CLS Working Paper
Read the full paper
Parsons, S, Schoon, I, Fitzsimons, E (2022)
Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Teenage children of mothers who experienced out-of-home care: How are they doing?
Quantitative Social Science working paper
Read the full paper
Parsons, S, Schoon, I, Fitzsimons, E (2022)
Intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage: Educational progression of children of care leavers compared to other children in a general population sample
CLS working paper
Read the full paper
Parson, S. & Schoon, I. (2022)
Does the trauma associated with out-of-home care transmit across generations? Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study during a major health pandemic
BMJ Open
Read the full paper
Parson, S. & Schoon, I. (2021)
Descriptive profile of mothers by their experience of out-of-home care in childhood: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Econ Papers
Read the full paper

Researchers

Sam Parsons Principal Research Fellow

Phone: 020 7612 6882
Email: sam.parsons@ucl.ac.uk

Sam has a long history of producing research based on the British Birth Cohorts, from the antecedents and consequences of poor basic skills in adult life, to more recent research focusing on poorer outcomes for children with Special Education Needs, the gendered occupational occupations of teenagers and the long-term advantages for men and women who attended a private school and/or an elite university.

Emla Fitzsimons Professor of Economics and Director of the Millennium Cohort Study

Phone: 020 7331 5129
Email: E.Fitzsimons@ucl.ac.uk

Emla is the Director of the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study following children born at the turn of the new century. Her research is focused on the development of human capital throughout the life course, and in particular how experiences and circumstances in early life and childhood affect causally the acquisition of skills later on.

Ingrid Schoon Professor of Human Development and Social Policy at the UCL Social Research Institute (SRI)

Relevant studies

Contact us

Centre for Longitudinal Studies
UCL Social Research Institute

20 Bedford Way
London WC1H 0AL

Email: clsdata@ucl.ac.uk

Follow us